Seven months after the Six-Day War, the first Israeli settlement, Kfar Etzion, was established in the West Bank. Today, around 260,000 people live in 121 settlements throughout the West Bank (not including East Jerusalem). 17 settlements in the Gaza strip and 4 in Northern Samaria in the West Bank were evacuated during the Disengagement Plan in August 2005.
Since 1996, no government has officially decided upon the establishment of a new settlement in the West Bank. In order to continue to occupy additional land in the West Bank, the settlement leadership, with the close assistance of very senior elements within the government, decided to establish unofficial "outposts."
Prime Minister Sharon commissioned a report on these outposts. On 8 March 2005, Talia Sasson submitted her report to the Prime Minister, concluding: “The method for establishing the outposts mainly consists of a way of circumventing procedures and violating the law, presenting an even-handed stand to some of the State authorities, while, at the same time, constituting the cooperation in a blatant disregard of the law by other authorities.”
U.S. policy has consistently opposed Israeli settlement building in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. As recently as June 24, 2002, when laying out his vision for the Middle East, including the need for a Palestinian state next to a secure Israel, President Bush said: "consistent with the recommendations of the Mitchell Committee, Israeli settlement activity in the occupied territories must stop."

